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Understanding of customer and consumer needs and
wants |
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Information from the life cycle of products |
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Supply chain interaction |
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A need for product-oriented approaches and
policies |
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IPP (Integrated Product Policy) is an approach
which seeks to reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of products from
the mining of raw materials to production, distribution, use, and waste
management. |
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The driving idea is that integration of
environmental impacts at each stage of the life cycle of the product is
essential and should be reflected in decisions of stakeholders. |
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IPP focuses on those decision points which
strongly influence the life cycle environmental impacts of products and
which offer potential for improvement, notably
(continued) |
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eco-design
of products, |
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informed
consumer choice, |
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the
polluter pays principle in
product
prices. |
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It also promotes instruments and tools which
target the whole life cycle of products. |
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Who needs IPP and why? |
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Does
industry need IPP? |
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Does
government need IPP? |
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Is IPP
something similar to IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)? |
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IPP is all the traditional policy instruments
related to products? |
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And, if so what’s so new about it? |
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IPP has been a priority for the Swedish
chairmanship of the EU. |
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IPP is discussed by almost all governments of
the EU. |
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IPP is reiterated by the EU bodies. |
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IPP is also discussed in policies beyond
environmental issues. |
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IPP work in-between governmental organisations. |
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IPP network of stakeholders from different
organisations. |
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IPP dialogues gathering broad participation from
various sectors of society. |
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IPP includes all relevant policy approaches: |
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Chemicals policy (substance bans) |
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Environmental fees |
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Eco-labelling |
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Extended
Producer Responsibility |
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Improved knowledge |
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Substance bans |
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Today mainly for air emissions: |
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- SO2, NOX, CO2 |
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IPP also includes a proposal for differentiated
VAT |
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Strategy |
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Reduced total impact of a product |
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Responsibility for the entire life-cycle |
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Reclaim, recovery, final disposal |
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Is implemented through the use of steering
instruments |
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Waste treatment will get increasingly expensive |
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Disposal costs is seldom included in the product
price |
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It is difficult to solve problems related to
product content after the manufacturing |
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Two main goals: |
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Solve the problems related to the already
existing waste. |
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Stimulate environmentally conscious product
development. |
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Improved collection systems |
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Improved waste treatment (sorting, dismantling,
treatment of toxics) |
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Increased recycling |
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Development of more adapted products |
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Introduction of new product systems |
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Development of new waste management technology |
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Packaging |
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Cars |
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EEE : Electrical and Electronic Equipment |
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Tyres |
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Newsprint |
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Batteries |
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German Packaging Ordinance in 1991 |
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Followed by most European countries, but
considerable differences in implementation |
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Europe |
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Three proposed EEE-related directives in EU |
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Regulations in force: Netherlands, Norway,
Switzerland, Sweden |
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Denmark (not EPR) |
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Asia |
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Taiwan |
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Japan |
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Three EU directives:
- WEEE (Waste EEE)
- RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances)
- Design directive |
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All EEE included |
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Differences between countries |
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Differencies in opinion in industry |
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Free-of-charge collection |
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Enforcement: April 2001, |
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with
revised waste management law |
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Driving forces: |
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Increase of waste and scarcity of final disposal
site |
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Necessity of increasing resource efficiency |
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Packaging Recycling Law and development of
legislation abroad |
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Scope: four large home appliances (TV sets,
refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners) for the first phase |
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Next target: PC under different regulation |
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Range of producer responsibility |
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Physical responsibility for recovery &
treatment on individual basis |
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Recycling rate requirements: 50-60% by weight |
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cf. exclusion
of recycled materials with negative value |
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Informative responsibility on the recovery cost àprominent
manufacturers announced the same price |
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Physical responsibility for collection from
end-users (distributors) |
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Financial responsibility by end-users at the time
of disposal |
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Who is responsible for what?
- Individual responsibility vs. Collective |
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Are there relevant feed-back mechanisms built
into the product system? |
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What do we know today?
- An IIIEE study of 21 Japanese and Swedish manufacturers of EEE and
vehicles |
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Products will continue to be an important focus
of environmental policy in Europe and Japan |
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The IPP work will continue to develop |
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EPR legislation is established and an integral
component of IPP |
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Environmental policies are gradually being
integrated into various other policy sectors |
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Homepage:
www.iiiee.lu.se |
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E-mail:
iiiee@iiiee.lu.se
thomas.lindhqvist@iiiee.lu.se |
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P.O. Box 196, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden |
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Visits:
Tegnérsplatsen 4, Lund |
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Notes
